>>> NOTE: To facilitate calculations, footnotes have been removed from cells containing values.  <<<
 >>>       For complete footnote references, refer to printed publication or screen display.      <<<
 
 Table 9a:  Predicted proficiency scores for 13-year-olds in mathematics,
            by country:  1991
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Percentile score 
                         Average    ---------------------------------------------------------------
 Country              proficiency 5th     10th     25th    50th     75th     90th     95th
1 Taiwan                     285    222    236    260    286    310    332    345
2 Korea                      283    229    242    262    284    304    323    335
3 Switzerland 6/             279    235    244    261    279    297    313    322
4 Soviet Union 4/            279    231    242    260    279    298    315    324
5 Hungary                    277    227    239    257    278    297    315    326
6 France                     273    225    236    254    273    292    309    319
7 Italy, Emilia Romanga 3/   272    224    235    253    272    291    308    317
8 Israel 2/                  272    272    236    254    273    291    307    317
9 Canada 1/                  270    224    235    252    270    289    305    315
10 Scotland                   269    222    233    250    270    288    305    315
11 Ireland                    269    230    249    249    269    289    306    316
12 Slovenia                   266    219    230    247    266    285    302    311
13 Spain 5/                   263    218    228    245    263    281    297    306
14 United States              262    211    223    242    263    283    301    312
15 Jordan                     246    195    207    226    247    267    285    296
 1/ Nine out of 10 provinces.
 2/ Hebrew-speaking schools.
 3/ Combined school and student participation rate is below .80 but at least .70; interpret with
 caution because of possible nonresponse bias.
 4/ Fourteen out of 15 republics; Russian-speaking schools.
 5/ All regions except Cataluna; Spanish-speaking schools.
 6/ Fifteen out of 26 cantons.
 
 NOTE:  Only countries in which comprehensive student populations were represented by the
 test-taking sample are included. Test administrations in Brazil, China, England, and Portugal
 either excluded groups or had low participation rates.  See supplemental note to Indicator 9 on
 page 93 for a description of the IAEP/NAEP linking study.
 
 Mathematics Proficiency Scale has a range from 0 to 500:
 Level 150:  Simple arithmetic facts.
 Level 200:  Beginning skills and understandings.
 Level 250:  Numerical operations and beginning problem solving.
 Level 300:  Moderately complex procedures and reasoning.
 Level 350:  Multi-step problem solving and algebra.
 SOURCE:  Educational Testing Service, IAEP/NAEP Cross-linking Study, 1993.
 >>> NOTE: To facilitate calculations, footnotes have been removed from cells containing values.  <<<
 >>>       For complete footnote references, refer to printed publication or screen display.      <<<

 Table 9b:  Proficiency scores for 8th-grade students in public schools in
            mathematics, by state:  1992
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Percentile score
                          Average 

             proficiency   5th    10th    25th  50th    75th  90th  95th
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
1 Iowa              283    233    244    263    284    304    321    330
2 North Dakota      283    234    245    264    284    302    318    328
3 Minnesota         282    228    240    260    283    304    322    332
4 Maine             278    226    239    258    279    299    316    327
5 New Hanpshire     278    227    238    258    278    299    316    327
6 Nebraska          277    219    234    256    279    300    317    327
7 Wisconsin         277    219    233    257    279    301    318    328
8 Idaho             274    223    235    254    275    296    313    323
9 Utah              274    218    232    253    275    296    314    324
10 Wyoming           274    226    236    254    275    295    312    322
11 Connecticut       273    209    224    249    275    299    318    329
12 Colorado          272    214    228    250    273    296    313    323
13 Massachusetts     272    215    229    249    273    297    316    325
14 New Jersey        271    209    222    247    273    297    317    328
15 Pennsylvania      271    212    225    248    272    295    314    326
16 Missouri          270    215    228    249    272    293    312    322
17 Indiana           269    213    225    247    270    293    313    325
18 Michigan          267    205    220    243    268    292    311    323
19 Ohio              267    209    222    244    269    292    310    322
20 Oklahoma          267    212    226    247    268    290    308    318
21 Virginia          267    209    221    243    267    291    313    325
22 New York          266    196    213    241    268    293    314    326
23 Arizona           265    210    222    243    265    287    307    318
24 Rhode Island      265    208    221    243    267    289    307    318
25 Maryland          264    199    213    237    265    292    314    326
26 Texas             264    203    216    238    264    289    312    325
27 Delaware          262    202    216    239    262    287    307    319
28 Kentucky          261    204    216    238    262    285    305    318
29 California        260    194    209    234    261    288    309    321
30 South Carolina    260    203    215    235    259    285    307    319
31 Florida           259    197    210    234    260    285    306    318
32 Georgia           259    201    214    235    259    283    303    314
33 New Mexico        259    205    217    237    259    281    300    312
34 North Carolina    258    199    212    234    258    282    303    315
35 Tennessee         258    202    214    235    258    282    302    312
36 West Virginia     258    207    218    237    258    280    298    308
37 Hawaii            257    194    208    231    257    283    305    317
38 Arkansas          255    197    211    233    256    279    299    311
39 Alabama           251    193    206    227    251    276    299    311
40 Louisiana         249    193    205    226    250    272    293    305
41 Mississippi       246    188    201    221    245    270    291    303
42 District of Col   234    176    189    209    233    257    280    296
 --------------- - ---------- - ------- - --------- - ------- - -------- - -------- - -------- - ---------
 NOTE:  The states of Alaska, Illinois, Kansas, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota,
 Vermont, and Washington did not participate.
 
 Mathematics Proficiency Scale has a range from 0 to 500:
 Level 150:  Simple arithmetic facts.
 Level 200:  Beginning skills and understandings.
 Level 250:  Numerical operations and beginning problem solving.
 Level 300:  Moderately complex procedures and reasoning.
 Level 350:  Multi-step problem solving and algebra.
 
 SOURCE:  U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,
 NAEP 1992 Mathematics Report Card for the Nation and States, 1993.
 
 
 
 
 >>> NOTE: To facilitate calculations, footnotes have been removed from cells containing values.  <<<
 >>>       For complete footnote references, refer to printed publication or screen display.      <<<
 Table 132.--Scholastic Aptitude Test score averages, by state:
             1974-75 to 1992-93
                                                     |   1974-75    |   1980-81    |   1985-86    |   1988-89    |   1990-91     |   1991-92    |   1992-93    |Percent of
|______________|______________|______________|______________|_______________|______________|______________|graduates
         State             Verb   Math   Verbal|Mathe-  |Verbal|Math |Verbal|Math|Verbal |Mathe- |Verbal|Mathe- |Verbal|Mathe-  High to low SAT Math score 1993 |        |         |        |         |        |         |        | 
                        |        |         |        |         |        |         |        |
1 Iowa ................. | 523  | 568  | 515  | 566  | 519  | 576  | 512  | 572
2 North Dakota ......... | 510  | 554  | 494  | 544  | 508  | 556  | 500  | 567
3 South Dakota ......... | 523  | 561  | 519  | 561  | 531  | 567  | 498  | 543
4 Minnesota ............ | 506  | 552  | 486  | 539  | 482  | 540  | 474  | 532
5 Wisconsin ............ | 492  | 544  | 477  | 533  | 478  | 536  | 477  | 536
6 Utah ................. | 516  | 553  | 511  | 548  | 506  | 541  | 499  | 537
7 Kansas ............... | 503  | 540  | 502  | 542  | 498  | 544  | 495  | 545
8 Nebraska ............. | 459  | 507  | 489  | 537  | 493  | 549  | 487  | 543
9 Illinois ............. | 460  | 510  | 459  | 508  | 466  | 519  | 462  | 520
10 Missouri.............. | 465  | 500  | 462  | 504  | 476  | 519  | 471  | 518
11 Tennessee ............ | 477  | 511  | 475  | 514  | 486  | 521  | 486  | 523
12 Oklahoma ............. | 480  | 514  | 485  | 526  | 487  | 521  | 479  | 522
13 Michigan ............. | 451  | 498  | 456  | 508  | 462  | 514  | 458  | 514
14 Louisiana ............ | 456  | 491  | 461  | 494  | 474  | 507  | 473  | 513
15 Alabama .............. | 426  | 457  | 457  | 488  | 476  | 514  | 482  | 520
16 New Mexico ........... | 486  | 516  | 474  | 510  | 489  | 527  | 483  | 532
17 Kentucky ............. | 470  | 507  | 474  | 509  | 483  | 519  | 477  | 519
18 Mississippi .......... | 477  | 503  | 473  | 502  | 485  | 516  | 472  | 516
19 Arkansas ............. | 482  | 510  | 477  | 510  | 482  | 519  | 471  | 515
20 Montana .............. | 500  | 547  | 485  | 539  | 485  | 541  | 469  | 523
21 Colorado ............. | 479  | 515  | 467  | 513  | 466  | 514  | 458  | 508
22 Idaho ................ | 493  | 524  | 486  | 523  | 475  | 512  | 465  | 500
23 Wyoming .............. | 506  | 548  | 478  | 528  | 484  | 534  | 462  | 516
24 Ohio ................. | 456  | 499  | 457  | 500  | 460  | 503  | 451  | 497
25 Arizona .............. | 496  | 525  | 476  | 514  | 466  | 509  | 452  | 500
26 Oregon ............... | 440  | 468  | 431  | 469  | 444  | 486  | 443  | 484
27 Nevada ............... | 465  | 497  | 445  | 487  | 445  | 485  | 439  | 487
28 New Hampshire ........ | 449  | 485  | 439  | 479  | 450  | 485  | 447  | 485
29 Washington ........... | 489  | 522  | 472  | 517  | 461  | 502  | 448  | 491
30 West Virginia......... | 462  | 502  | 458  | 495  | 462  | 502  | 448  | 491
31 California ........... | 435  | 473  | 426  | 475  | 423  | 481  | 422  | 484
32     United States .... | 434  | 472  | 424  | 466  | 431  | 475  | 427  | 476
33 Hawaii ............... | 414  | 478  | 390  | 464  | 403  | 477  | 406  | 482
34 Maryland ............. | 436  | 471  | 423  | 461  | 436  | 475  | 434  | 480
35 Alaska ............... | 461  | 481  | 449  | 486  | 445  | 479  | 443  | 480
36 Massachusetts ........ | 434  | 469  | 422  | 462  | 436  | 473  | 432  | 473
37 Connecticut .......... | 442  | 471  | 430  | 463  | 440  | 474  | 435  | 473
38 New Jersey ........... | 424  | 454  | 414  | 450  | 424  | 465  | 423  | 471
39 Texas ................ | 431  | 467  | 415  | 455  | 419  | 458  | 415  | 462
40 New York ............. | 441  | 484  | 427  | 471  | 427  | 471  | 419  | 471
41 Virginia ............. | 431  | 463  | 424  | 461  | 435  | 473  | 430  | 472
42 Vermont .............. | 439  | 476  | 427  | 467  | 442  | 474  | 435  | 470
43 Florida .............. | 441  | 474  | 424  | 463  | 426  | 469  | 420  | 467
44 Delaware ............. | 439  | 476  | 429  | 470  | 442  | 475  | 435  | 468
45 Rhode Island ......... | 432  | 469  | 415  | 452  | 432  | 466  | 429  | 466
46 Maine ................ | 437  | 471  | 426  | 465  | 434  | 466  | 431  | 466
47 Indiana............... | 418  | 463  | 406  | 451  | 415  | 459  | 412  | 459
48 Pennsylvania ......... | 430  | 470  | 421  | 459  | 429  | 465  | 423  | 463
49 North Carolina ....... | 399  | 428  | 391  | 427  | 399  | 436  | 397  | 439
50 Georgia .............. | 397  | 427  | 390  | 426  | 402  | 440  | 402  | 445
51 South Carolina ....... | 382  | 412  | 374  | 406  | 395  | 431  | 399  | 439
52 District of Columbia . |   ---  |   ---   |   ---  |    ---  | 413  | 439  | 407  | 439
 ______________________ | ______ | _______ | ______ | _______ | ______ | _______ | ______ | _______
 1/ Based on the number of high school graduates in 1993 as projected by the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education and the
 number of 1993 seniors who took the SAT.
 ---Data not available.
 
 NOTE.--Possible scores on each part of the SAT range from 200 to 800.  Rankings of states based on SAT scores alone are invalid because
 of the varying proportions of students in each state taking the tests.
 
 SOURCE:  College Entrance Examination Board, News Release, "College Board Reports SAT Scores Up Again This Year for All Students and Most
 Ethnic Subgroups." (Copyright @ 1993 by the College Entrance Examination Board.  All rights reserved.)  (This table was prepared April
 1994.)
 >>> NOTE: To facilitate calculations, footnotes have been removed from cells containing values.  <<<
 >>>       For complete footnote references, refer to printed publication or screen display.      <<<
 
 Table 13a:  Current public expenditure per student (in U.S. dollars),
             by level of education and country:  1988
 
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
                Preprimary-  Higher
 OECD country   secondary    education
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Switzerland       5,221    9,669
2 Luxembourg        4,768    10,470
3 Sweden            4,509    6,143
4 Norway            4,118    6,263
5 Denmark           3,964    11,683
6 United States     3,843    5,343
7 Finland           3,778    5,620
8 Canada            3,508    7,109
9 Austria           3,035    5,371
10 Italy             2,683    4,007
11 West Germany      2,470    5,185
12 France            2,446    4,129
13 United Kingdom    2,438    7,862
14 Australia         $2,330    $6,119
15 Netherlands       2,017    9,925
16 Japan             1,978    2,042
17 Ireland           1,409    4,615
18 Spain             1,296    1,748
19 Portugal          1,253    3,778
 --------------- - -------------------------- - ---------------------------
 NOTE:  All currencies converted to U.S. dollars at current (1988) prices
 using purchasing power parity index (PPPI).  See supplemental note to
 Indicators 13 and 15 on page 98 for details on calculation of the
 expenditures for Australia, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United
 Kingdom, and the United States and informati on private higher education
 spending in some countries.  Some countries including Japan and the
 United States, manifest large amounts of private spending on higher
 education.  See the supplemental note to Indicators 13 and 15 on page 98
 for an explanation of how current expenditure per student might change
 for higher education if the corresponding private componnent of
 educational expenditure were to be added in.  See note in the appendix
 on page 113 for an explanation of international comparisons of current
 education expenditures.  Consult the glossary for an explanation of the
 PPPI.
 
 SOURCE:  Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Center
 for Educational Research and Innovation, International Indicators
 Project, 1992.  International Monetary Fund, Bureau of Statistics,
 International Financial Statistics, Volume XLI, November 12, 1988.
 >>> NOTE: To facilitate calculations, footnotes have been removed from cells containing values.  <<<
 >>>       For complete footnote references, refer to printed publication or screen display.      <<<

 Table 13b:  Current public expenditure per student, by level of education
             and state:  1988
 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 

                      Preprimary   Higher
 State               -secondary   education
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Alaska                  6,416    10,698
2 District of Columbia    5,407    7,055
3 Connecticut             5,297    5,432
4 New Jersey              5,269    5,800
5 New York                5,174    5,557
6 Wyoming                 4,796    8,844
7 Vermont                 4,687    3,791
8 Massachusetts           4,483    4,337
9 Rhode Island            4,449    3,671
10 Oregon                  4,161    5,550
11 Maryland                4,125    6,347
12 Michigan                4,004    4,740
13 Maine                   3,999    5,482
14 Pennsylvania            3,958    4,038
15 Minnesota               3,894    5,289
16 Delaware                3,819    4,641
17 New Hampshire           3,807    2,950
18 Wisconsin               3,793    5,810
19 Virginia                3,784    4,764
20 Colorado                3,747    4,691
21 Washington              3,669    5,841
22 California              3,664    5,995
23 Florida                 3,644    5,436
24 Kansas                  3,588    5,405
25 Montana                 3,581    4,479
26 Iowa                    3,496    5,299
27 Ohio                    3,459    4,292
28 Nebraska                3,450    4,875
29 Nevada                  3,419    5,382
30 Indiana                 3,411    5,054
31 Arizona                 3,389    4,881
32 Illinois                3,386    4,260
33 North Dakota            3,339    5,881
34 Texas                   3,323    5,599
35 North Carolina          3,303    6,928
36 West Virginia           3,285    4,706
37 Georgia                 3,208    6,437
38 Missouri                3,153    4,403
39 New Mexico              3,094    6,765
40 South Carolina          3,085    5,845
41 South Dakota            3,049    4,421
42 Hawaii                  2,983    7,363
43 Oklahoma                2,895    4,096
44 Tennessee               2,888    5,859
45 Arkansas                2,773    6,417
46 Alabama                 $2,652    $6,137
47 Kentucky                2,602    5,392
48 Idaho                   2,510    4,979
49 Louisiana               2,471    4,656
50 Utah                    2,365    5,423
51 Mississippi             2,346    5,954
 NOTE:  See supplemental note to Indicator 13 on page 98 for details on
 estimation of private school enrollments for 1988 for each state.
 
 SOURCE:  U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education
 Statistics, Common Core of Data Survey, 1988-89.  Schools and Staffing
 Survey, 1987-88; Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, 1988-89;
 IPEDS Finance Survey, 1988-89; and Financial Statistics of Institutions
 of Higher Education Survey, 1988-89.  U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau
 of the Census, 1990 Census of the Population.