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Greek/Celtic All of this information confirms what Dr. James Meek writes in Hebrew Origins, the sacred name Yahweh is not Hebrew "and on that point practically all scholars are agreed." IA or Yah, the Great All-Father God and Supreme Deity of antiquity, is undoubtedly the source of the sacred name found throughout the Hebrew Scriptures. The Common Background of
Greek/Celtic and Israelite Civilizations. When Moses first encounters God in
the burning bush in Exodus 3, and God tells Moses that He has "come down
to deliver" the Israelites from the Egyptians, Moses asks by what name he
should refer to God when he reports his vision to the people. God answers,
"Eheish Asher Eheieh,"
("I Am Who I Am" or "I Am What I Am"), and goes on,
"Say this to the people of Israel, `I AM has sent me to you.'" Early
in the Bible God is referred to as El, a common Semitic name for God,
and the plural Elohim. Elsewhere El Elion,
"Most High God," seems to confirm the existence of a pantheon of
lesser gods. But by far the most common name used is Yehovah,
a simplified pronunciation of the Hebrew consonants Yod
Hay Vav Hay (YHVH). The four consonants are also
known by the Greek term Tetragrammaton and the
Hebrew Shem ha-Meforash (shortened to Hashem, "The Name," and said in lieu of
YHVH). A modern scholar, Merlin Stone,
has pointed out the close relation of the name to the Sanskrit word yahveh, "everflowing," which seems like a fair description of
the fire and smoke that continually emit from Mt. Sinai when the Lord is
present there. Charles Hulbert, a noted British
scholar, states: "So near is the resemblance between the Druidic
religion of Britain and the patriarchal religion of the Hebrews, that we hesitate not to
pronounce their origin the same." The historian Cyrus Gordon documents
the shared roots of the Hebrews and Indo-Europeans in his work, The Common Background of Greek
and Hebrew Civilizations. John Allegro's research uncovered that Yahweh is the
exact philological counterpart of the Greek Zeus, both sharing the same
Sumerian origin (see The Chosen People). In Greece we discover "Iao" [Yah] expressly recognised
as the title of the Supreme God whose physical representative is the Sun. Also the Greek Ionians were called by the Brahmins
the 'Yavanas' that is "the followers of
Yah". Who is Yahweh?
From a Sumerian Seal of about
2500 B.C. we have the depiction of the trial of "Adamu
the son of God IA." This IA or IAO [Yah], according to the distinguished
author Prof. L.A. Waddell, is the source of Yah or Yahweh of the Hebrews, and
the Jove of the Romans. IA, or Yah was ancient
Sumerian for the Deity of the Life-Bestowing Deep Waters, and was introduced to
Upper Mesopotamia in around 3300 B.C. Later Akkadians,
Babylonians, Hittites and others knew IA or EA, as the God of Wisdom. IA is
also directly linked to EL the 'Most High' of the Phoenicians. Recall that in
the Hebrew Scriptures the Almighty God is named "Yahweh Elohim". The late Dr. John Allegro, in his
fascinating book The Chosen People, shows that the sacred name, as well as the
names of the patriarchal heroes of the Scriptures, are non-Semitic and "go
back to the earliest known civilisation of the Near
East, indeed of the world. The language to which we can now trace these names
is called Sumerian, and seems to have been the fount of both Semitic and
Indo-European and was in use long before these two linguistic families went
their separate ways." Diodorus Siculus, when enumerating the
different legislators of antiquity, says, "...Moses pretended that the god
surnamed IAO [Yah] gave him his laws". And this is elucidated by the
remark of the early Christian writer Clement of Alexandria, that the Hebrew Tetragrammaton is transliterated into Greek as IAO-UE
(pronounced as "ee-ah-ou-eh"
or "Yahweh"). "That this divine name was
well-known to the Heathen there can be no doubt," states Parkhurst's Hebrew Lexicon. Traces of the name Yah have
been found in inscriptions dating from 2,800 B.C., and in others dating from
about 2,100 B.C. Yahweh is also closely related to the old Sanskrit word Yahveh, meaning 'everflowing'. In ancient Egypt the phrase 'Yahweh-asher-yiweh' represented an old liturgical form and means
"he is the continuous creator of all that daily comes to pass." "None dare to enter the temple
of Serapis, who did not bear on his breast or
forehead the name of JAO [Yah], or J-HA-HO [Y-HA-WA], a name almost equivalent
in sound to that of the Hebrew Jehovah [Yahweh], and probably of identical
import; and no name was uttered in Egypt with more reverence than this IAO
[Yah]." (Commentary on Exodus) The religions of Egypt at the time
of the sojourn of the Israelites were far older than the Egyptian priests
themselves realised. The appearance of the sacred
name Yah is another confirmation of its primeval origin. The Egyptians, like
many ancient peoples, traced their origin back to a mythological period when
the gods themselves walked the earth. It is inconceivable that the patriarch
Moses, who was learned in all the wisdom of Egypt, was ignorant of this ancient
Egyptian name of the Deity. In 1975 a vast palace archive of
over 20,000 clay tablets was discovered at the site of the lost civilisation of Ebla in Syria. Over 4,500 years old, the
tablets are written in a language similar to Hebrew and contain the sacred
name. According to authors Chaim Bermant
and Michael Weitzman: "Now the appearance of the Name YHWH (or of Yah) at
such an early date, and outside Israel, should not come as an utter shock,
since the Bible states that it became known as early as the days of Adam's
grandson Enosh (Genesis 4:26) or even of Eve herself
(Genesis 4:1). Many pre-biblical sightings of Yahweh have been
claimed....Friedrich Delitzsch came upon the
name...and translated 'Yahweh is God',..." (Ebla:
A Revelation in Archaeology) Yahweh signifies the great "I
Am" and conveys the meaning of the One That Was, the One That Is, and the
One That Shall Forever Be. Here too we have a reference to an ancient religious
tradition. The Egyptians gave the name of 'Nuk-Pa-Nuk,' or "I Am That I Am" to the Deity and this
name was found on a temple in Egypt (Egyptian Belief by Bonwick
& Anacalypsis by Higgins). Also Bunsen in Keys of St. Peter points out that " 'I
Am' was a Divine name understood by all the initiated among the Egyptians...
The 'I Am' of the Hebrews, and the 'I Am' of the
Egyptians are identical." The Druids of Western Europe worshipped One God who was the Creator of the past, the Saviour of the present and the Renovator of the future. The self-existent being, He that is. The similarity between
'He that is,' and 'I Am that I Am' has not escaped attention. To quote Charles
Hulbert, a noted British scholar: "So near is the resemblance
between the Druidic religion of Britain and the patriarchal religion of the Hebrews, that we hesitate not to pronounce
their origin the same." Turning our attention to Greece we
find striking similarities with the old Hebrews. The historian Cyrus Gordon documents the shared roots
of the Hebrews and Indo-Europeans in his work, The Common Background of Greek
and Hebrew Civilizations. John Allegro's research uncovered that Yahweh
is the exact philological counterpart of the Greek Zeus, both sharing the same
Sumerian origin (see The Chosen People). In Greece we discover "Iao" [Yah] expressly recognised
as the title of the Supreme God whose physical representative is the Sun. Also
the Greek Ionians were called by the Brahmins the 'Yavanas'
that is "the followers of Yah".
All of this information confirms
what Dr. James Meek writes in Hebrew Origins, the sacred name Yahweh is not
Hebrew "and on that point practically all scholars are agreed." IA or
Yah, the Great All-Father God and Supreme Deity of antiquity, is undoubtedly
the source of the sacred name found throughout the Hebrew Scriptures. Dr. Morton Smith, acclaimed author
and professor of ancient history, in his definitive study Palestinian Parties
and Politics that Shaped the Old Testament, details how the Old Testament is
the product of a long series of collection and revision of material, which is
only part of a much wider and earlier tradition. He traces the development of
the belief in Yahweh as the Most High of Israel and the particular groups
associated with the evolution of the religion of Judea. Together with the
ground-breaking scholarship of S.H. Hooke in Middle Eastern Mythology and John
Allegro in The Chosen People, we are left in no doubt that the sublime truths
in the Old Testament have their 'source' in a far more ancient tradition
stretching back through Sumeria and beyond. Scholarship has unearthed
irrefutable evidence of what Dr. Berdyaev aptly called a 'metahistory'
linking the Greeks, Romans, Celts and others with the ancient Near East
cultures of the Phoenicians, Egyptians, Sumerians and Hebrews. Confirming that
knowledge of the Divine Unity and principal truth, have been from the beginning
of time the common property of all humanity. Man's religious history being one
of 'devolution' from a universal, immutable and primeval source. Source: New
Dawn magazine The
Grail Quest and The Destiny of Man The Sanskrit word yahveh means
"everflowing." The name Abraham itself, is
closely related to the name of the Aryan priestly caste of India, the Brahmins,
and it is a certainty that the attitudes and underpinnings of the Hebrew
religion were NOT, as is taught, formed in a vacuum! The name of the Hebrews as Yehudi,
or Judah, is rather close to the Sanskrit word for warrior: Yuddha. It is in the accounts of the Aryans that we find the
original religious ideas of the Hebrews. There is
the mountain-top god who blazes with light; there is the duality between light
and darkness symbolized as good and evil; there is the myth of the male deity
defeating the serpent; and there is the supreme leadership of a ruling class:
the priestly Levites. All of these are to be found in both the Indo-European
and Hebrew religious concepts and politics! And this leads us to the obvious
suggestion: The Indo-European patterns were either adopted by the Hebrews,
or the Hebrews were Indo-Europeans from the start.
There are many word and group
connections between Abraham and his family with people and places we know to be
connected to the Indo-European kingdoms, at the exact time of their existence,
and these factors should certainly be taken into account when seeking the
origin of the progenitor of the monotheistic covenant. Judging by the artifacts and partly
deciphered texts, these Louvites/Luvites/Levites seem to have been a separate, priestly
class of Indo-Europeans much like the Brahmins in India. The
Brahmins of India, the priestly class, made fire sacrifices one of the most
important aspects of their religion. Giuseppe Sormani
writes that in the early Sanskrit Yajurveda, a
collection of Brahmin sacrificial and ritual prayer formulas dated shortly
after the Rg Veda, "The priests commanded
society; they were the lords even over the gods, whom they bent to their own
will by means of ritual. The priestly power of the Brahmins was already
evident in this Veda." [Quoted by Stone, 1976] The one
group that stands apart from the Hebrew people as a whole,
is the priestly Levites. Hmmm... that
word is suspiciously similar to Luvites, yes? Indeed!
According to the law of Jehovah/Yaweh, the Levites
were to remain a very exclusive group, marrying only other Levites. Moses is
described as the son of a Levite mother and father! Only Levites were
acceptable as priests of Yahweh. They were forbidden not only to marry outside
their tribe, but they also could not marry a woman who was a widow, divorced or
had ever had sexual relations with another man. The Levites were sole judges of
disputes, "Their voice shall be decisive in all cases of dispute"
(Deut. 21:6) They had possession of the trumpets of
the congregation and only they were allowed to sound them. They commanded
military strategy, and they were exempt from most nasty jobs like being
warriors, carrying out the trash and so forth. Fire sacrifices were very important rituals of the Levites. The first ten sections of
Leviticus are totally concerned with fire sacrifices. These sacrifices were to
be made twice daily as well as on the Sabbath, and other special times. www.cassiopaea.org/cass/wave13c.htm Black
Exodus: Aryan = Eire Ann = ireand = Ireland http://fathersmanifesto.net/aryan.htm The Grail Quest and The
Destiny of Man The people of the early
Neolithic cultures of the Near and Middle East may
have come down from Europe, possibly the descendants of the Gravettian-Aurignacian
cultures. Later, waves of more Northern people descended on both Europe and the
Near East. There has been some conjecture that these were the descendants of
the Mesolithic (15000 - 8000 B.C.) Maglemosian and Kunda cultures of Northern Europe.
But, their arrival was NOT a gradual assimilation - it was wave after wave of
aggressive invasion. These northern invaders,
generally known as Indo-Europeans, brought their own religion with them: the
worship of a young warrior god and a supreme father god. Their arrival in
the Near East is attested to by 2400 B.C., but there may have been several
earlier invasions. After these invasions,
the worship of the Mother Goddess fluctuated from city to city. As the invaders
gained more and more territory over the next two thousand years, the male began
to appear as the dominant husband or even the murderer of the Goddess! Up to this point in
time, writing seems to have been primarily used for the business accounts of
the temples. The arriving Northern groups adopted this writing and used it for
their own purposes. "Professor Chiera
comments: 'It is strange to notice that practically all the existing literature
was put down in written form a century or two after 2000 B.C.' Whether this
suggests that written language was never considered as a medium for myths and
legends before that ime or that existing tablets
were destroyed and rewritten at that time remains an open question."
[Stone, 1976] (emphasis, mine) Over and over again in
the studies of the ancient religions it is noted that, in place after place,
the goddess was debased and replaced by a male deity after the coming of the
Northern Peoples. The transition was accomplished by brutally violent massacres
and territorial acquisition throughout the Near and
Middle East. The Northern Invaders
left neither tablets nor temples to explain why or how they came to choose a
male deity. These "Sons of the North Wind, Aeolus" - these Nordics -
are referred to variously as Indo-Europeans, Indo-Iranians, Indo-Aryans, or
simply Aryans. There seems to be a complete lack of evidence of their culture
in the Northern areas of Russia and the Caucasus. It is thought that maybe they
were just illiterate nomads - hunting and fishing groups or just shepherds.
But, in the opinion of the present writer, this idea is not supported by their
culture, which they imposed on so many conquered peoples, as we will see
further on Nevertheless, their
existence, once they burst upon the historical scene, is described as
aggressive warriors riding two abreast in horse-drawn war chariots; or as big
sailors who navigated the rivers and coastlines of Europe and the Near East. Jaquetta Hawkes writes: "On no subject have authorities differed so
completely or with greater lack of objectivity than on the origins of these
cultures. The reason for this partisanship lies in the one thing the
authorities are agreed upon - that the BATTLE AXE cultures represent the roots
of the Indo-European speaking peoples. ...What can be said with some certainty
is that the battle axe people had a large ethnic, social and cultural
inheritance from the hunter-fishers of the forest cultures such as the Maglemosian and Kunda. ...Though
it may not always or everywhere have been so, this character came in time to be
dominantly pastoral, patriarchal, warlike and expansive." [quoted by Stone, 1976] These Maglemosian and Kunda people of
Mesolithic times (15000 - 8000 B.C.) were generally located in the forest and
coastal areas of northern Europe, especially in Denmark. Their sites were
generally much further north than those of the earlier Gravettian-Aurignacian
groups. The invasions of the
Aryans took place in waves over a period of up to three thousand years
according to standard archaeology. The invasions of the historical period are
attested to by literature and artifacts, and are agreed upon by scholars. Those
of prehistoric times are suggested by speculative etymological connections. What is most significant
in the historic records is that these Northern invaders viewed themselves as
a very superior people. They were aggressive and continually in conflict
with not only the peoples they conquered, but among themselves as well. Their
coming revolutionized the art of war. They introduced the horse-drawn chariot,
and the charioteer became a new aristocracy. Historical, mythological
and archaeological evidence suggests that it was these northern people who
brought with them the concepts of light as good and dark as evil and of a
supreme male deity. The arrival of the Aryans, the presentation of their male
deities as superior to female deities, and the subsequent interweaving of the
two theologies are recorded mythologically in each
culture. It is in these myths that we can discover the attitude that led to the
destruction of the Goddess. The Aryan male god,
unlike the son-lover of the Goddess, was frequently depicted as a storm god,
high on a mountain, blazing with the light of fire or lightning. (Haven't we
heard this before?!) In many of these myths, the goddess is depicted as a
serpent or dragon, associated with darkness and evil. Sometimes the dragon is
neuter or even male, but in such cases, is closely associated with the goddess,
usually as her son. The Goddess religion
seems to have assimilated the male deities into the older forms of worship, and
survived as the popular religion of the people for thousands of years after the
initial Aryan invasions. But her position had been greately
lowered and continued to decline. It was the assaults of the Hebrews and
eventually the Christians that finally suppressed the religion. Strangely, it is in
the accounts of the Aryans that we find the original religious ideas of the
Hebrews. There is the mountain-top god who blazes with light; there is the
duality between light and darkness symbolized as good and evil; there is the
myth of the male deity defeating the serpent; and there is the supreme
leadership of a ruling class: the priestly Levites. All of these are to be
found in both the Indo-European and Hebrew religious concepts and politics! The Indo-European patterns were either adopted
by the Hebrews, or the Hebrews were Indo-Europeans
from the start. But, the end result was that the same ideas and attitudes were
later adopted by Christianity. In India there is clear
evidence of the Aryan invasions and the conquest of the Goddess worshippers.
The books known as the Vedas were a record of the Aryans in India. They were
written between 1500 and 1200 B.C. in Sanskrit using scripts possibly borrowed
from the Akkadians. Professor E.O.
James writes: "It appears that the sky gods in the
ancient Vedic pantheon were already established among the Aryan tribes when
they began their migrations in the second millenium
B.C. On their arrival in India they found ...not a primitive aboriginal
population but a highly developed urban civilization superior to their own
relatively simple way of life as depicted in the Rg Veda."
[Stone, 1976] The Indo-Aryan Rg Veda says that "in the very beginning there was
only 'asura,' or 'living power.' The asura
broke down into two cosmic groups. One was the enemies of the Aryans, known as
the Danavas, or Dityas,
whose mother was the Goddess Danu or Diti; the other group, clearly the heroes of the Aryans, were known to them
as the A-Dityas. This title betrays the fact that
this mythical structure was created in reaction to the presence of the
worshippers of Diti, since A-Ditya
literally means 'not Dityas,' or 'not people of Diti.' This strongly suggests that these mythical hymns
were not only written down after the Aryans came into contact with the goddess
people, but were conceived and composed after that time as well. One of the major
Indo-Aryan gods was known as Indra, Lord of the
Mountains, 'he who overthrows cities.' Upon obtaining the promise of supremacy
if he succeeded in killing Danu and Her son Vrtra, he
does accomplish the act, thus achieving kingship among the A-Dityas. In a hymn to Indra in the
Rg Veda which describes the event, Danu and Her son
are first described as serpent demons; later, as they lie dead, they are symbooized as cow and calf. After the murders, 'the cosmic
waters flowed and were pregnant.' They in turn gave birth to the sun. This
concept of the sun god emerging from the primeval waters appears in other
Indo-European myths and also occurs in connection with two of the prehistoric
invasions. The Indo-Aryan attitude
toward women is made clear in two sentences attributed to Indra
in the Rg Veda: 'The mind of woman brooks not
discipline. Her intellect has little weight.' The Rg
Veda also refers to an ancestral father god known both as Prajapati
and Dyaus Pitar. Dyaus Pitar is known as the
'supreme father of all.' The spread of the Indo-Aryan culture brought with it
the origins of the Hindu religion and the concept of light-colored skin being
perceived as better or more "pure" than darker skins. (The Sanskrit
word for caste, 'varna' means color.) Before the Aryan
invasion, the indigenous population of India worshipped the Goddess. There
seems to have been contact between this early culture and the societies of
Sumer and Elam around 3000 B.C. As late as 600 A.D. the worship of the Goddess
surfaced again. She appears in the Puranas and Tantras under
many names, but the name Devi, meaning Goddess, combines them all. Her name
Danu or Diti had been forgotten. The Goddess was
incorporated late in Brahmanic literature and has a
dubious position among Brahmanic groups. The Indo-Aryan beliefs
are found in Iran, though the records are very late - dating back only as far
as 600 B.C. The Indians and Iranians were derived from the same ethnic group
and had been established on the Iranian plateau from about 4000 B.C. They spoke
a Vedic Sanskrit dialect. Though there is a
considerable change from the Rg Veda to the Iranian Avesta, we still find the great father who represents
light, with a new name: Ahura Mazda. He is the Lord
of Light and his abode is on a mountain top glowing with golden light. The duality
of light and dark is inherent in Iranian religious thought. Ahura
Mazda is on high in goodness, and the devil figure, Ahriman
is "deep down in darkness." In the Iranian texts of
200 A.D. known as Manichean, we again find good and evil equated with light
and dark. We are told in these writings that the problems of humanity are
caused by a mixture of the two. And here, Mithra
appears as the one who defeats the "demons of darkness." Then, there is Gayo Mareta who is, in the
Iranian texts, the "first man." He seems to relate to Indra in the Indian versions. Gauee
or gavee in Sanskrit means cow. Mrityu in Sanskrit means death or murder, surviving
in the Indo-European German language as mord, meaning
murder, and in the Indo-European English language as the word murder itself.
Thus Gavo Mareta
appears to be named 'Cow Murderer.' Just as Danu was symbolized as the cow
Goddess, whose worhip is best known from Egypt, and Indra Her murderer, so Gayo Mareta may once have held
this position in Iran. In the Pahlavi
books of about 400 B.C. it
was written, 'From Gayo Mareta,
Ahura fashioned the family of the Aryan lands, the
seed of the Aryan lands.' "A later addition to Iranian mythology as
we know it again appears to be a revival of the Goddess religion. According to
Iranian texts of the fourth century A.D., the goddess Anahita
was in charge of the universe. Curiously enough they tell us that 'Ahura Mazda has given her the task of watching over
all creation.'" [Stone, 1976] In trying to find the
identity and culture of the "Sons of the North Wind," we come across the
Hurrians. These people may not have been wholly
Indo-European as they did not use an Indo-European language. Nevertheless, they
were from an area either north of Anatolia or northern Iran and they were what
is called brachycephalic (Alpine) in cranial structure,
which is one of the identifiers of the Indo-Europeans. "These
people," says Professor
Saggs, "long known in the Old Testament
as the Horites or Horims
spoke a language having no recognized affinities except in the later Urartian. They must have reached the mountains north of
Assyria, presumabley from the Caucasus region, in the
second half of the third millenium B.C." [quoted by Stone, 1976] "Archaeologist O.R.
Gurney wrote The Hittites in 1952. In this book he suggested
that the original homeland of the Hurrian was in
northern Iran. He records that 'The Hurrian people are
known to have spread gradually southward and westward from their home in the
mountainous region south of the Caspian Sea from about 2300 B.C. onwards, and
to have become organised during the second millenium into several powerful kingdoms ...situated near
the upper waters of the Euphrates and the Habur."
[quoted by Stone, 1976] "Although most of the Hurrian
people were not Indo-European, our interest in the Hurrians
or Horites is based on the evidence that their
kings and leaders were. Saggs explains that
'...the kings of Mitanni bore not Hurrian but
Indo-European names, whilst the old Indian gods, Mitra,
Varuna and Indra were
worshipped... All this points to the presence of an Aryan
warrior caste ruling over a largely non-Aryan population.' Gurney agrees,
stating that Mitanni '...was ruled by a dynasty of kings whose names have an
Aryan etymology, and Indian deities such as Indra and
Varuna, figure prominently in its pantheon. It is
thus clear in Mitanni a population of Hurrians was
dominated by a ruling caste of Indo-Aryans." [Stone, 1976] The origins of the words
"Hurrian, Horite or Horim," may be connected to the Iranian word "hara" which means mountain. This word survives in the
German "hohe" which means hill. It is also
thought possible that the word relates to the Sanskrit "hari," which means "golden yellow." Also it
should be noted that in Sanskrit, the word for gold is "hiran," which later became "oro"
in Latin. To take this idea
further, we may find that both of these words may derive from an earlier word:
Orion, a place of "golden mountains" or "eternal light"
where the origins of the Aryans are to be found. And, we should note the
similarity of the word "Orion" to "Iran," and then
"Persia" to "Perseus" and
"Perceval." As early as the fourth millenium B.C, a group known as the people of the Ubaid culture entered the Tigris-Euphrates area. It is
thought that they came from the highlands of Iran or the north of Iraq. Some
scholars suggest that the Ubaid people brought the
Sumerian language which is neither Semitic nor Indo-European. In fact, it is
similar to some of the Ural Altaic languages. Aratta
is a place name often mentioned in Sumerian texts, and it may have been the
area of northwestern Iran along the Caspian sea. The Ubaid
people established a major settlement in the place later known as Eridu. They broke up the Halaf
culture mentioned above, and wreaked devastation upon them. These Ubaids spread as far north as Lake Urmia
and Lake Van, close to the Iranian-Russian border which may be where they came
from. This section was later known as Ararat or Urartu
which could be corruptions of Aratta. The name "Eridu" could also be a corruption of Aratta, suggesting the original homeland. In about 4000 B.C. the Ubaid people built a temple at Eridu
which appears to be the first built on a high platform. At this temple, not a
single goddess figurine was found. The Maglemosian
and Kunda people who seem to have been the cultural
ancestors of the Indo-European Ubaid people, have
been found in Denmark and Europe in earlier periods. They seemed to have been
exceptionally interested in mobility and transportation and also developed skis
and sleds in addition to canoes, fish nets and fish traps. Evidence of these
people has also been found in Estonia suggesting they may have used the Volga river as a travel route to the areas of the Caspian, the
Caucasus, Lake Urmia and Lake Van and Urartu. The deity worshipped at Eridu in historic times was the god Enki.
Before this, the god of the shrine seems to have been a fish or water god. Enki was thought of later as the god of the waters and was
described as riding around in his boat. He was also described as "he who
rides." This concept of the fish or water god is similar to one found in a
fragment of an Indo-European Hittite tablet which tells of a sun god who rose
from the water with fish on his head. It is also similar to the idea of the sun
god who was born from the cosmic waters released by Indra
by the deaths of Danu and Vrtra. Though Enki is not generally designated as a sun god, in the myth
of Marduk he is named as Marduk's
father and so, Marduk is called the "son of the
sun." The Ubaid
people are credited with developing irrigation canals in Eridu
which could hint at their origin in places that were along rivers and streams
and where fish were common. Another clue to the identity of these people is the
institution of kingshp and the mention of the name Alalu as the very first king of Sumer in the king lists of
the earliest part of the second millenium. According
to these tablets which refer to a prehistoric period, it was in Eridu that "kingship was first lowered from
heaven." Now, let's think about
this for a moment. We have a god with fish on his head, thereby associated with
scales, and who is described as "he who rides." This scaly god not
only rides, he rose from the water like the sun! Also, he was born from the
deaths of the Mother goddess and her son. Mountains of fire are involved, gold,
and kingship being "lowered from heaven." It rather sounds like
UFOs coming up out of the water as they have so often been reported to do in
more modern times, or descending on mountain tops piloted by Nordics, Reptoids, or Grays. In Manley Palmer Hall's
book, The Secret Teachings of All Ages, (first published
in 1928, when Hall was in his twenties), facing page LXXXV he has a painting of
the fish-man-god Oannes. The caption under the
picture reads: Oannes, The Fish-Man: Berosus describes Oannes as follows: "At Babylon there was (in these
times) a great resort of people of various nations, who inhabited Chaldaea, and lived in a lawless manner like the beasts of
the field. In the first year there appeared, from that part of the Erythrean sea, which borders upon Babylonia, an animal
destitute of reason [sic], by name Oannes, whose
whole body (according to the account of Apollodorus)
was that of a fish; that under the fish's head he had another head, with feet
also below, similar to those of a man, subjoined to the fish's tail. His voice
too, and language, was articulate and human; and a representation of him is
preserved even unto this day. This Being was accustomed to pass the day among
men; but took no food at that season; and he gave them an insight into letters
and sciences, and arts of every kind. He taught them to construct cities, to
found temples, to compile laws, and explained to them the principles of
geometrical knowledge. He made them distinguish the seeds of the earth, and shewed them how to collect the fruits; in short he
instructed them in everything which could tend to soften manners and humanize
their lives. From that time, nothing material has been added by way of
improvement to his instructions. And when the sun had set, this Being Oannes, retired again into the sea, and passed the night in
the deep; for he was amphibious. After this there appeared other animals
like Oannes...." [Quoted
by M.P. Hall from Ancient Fragments, by Isaac Preston Cory.]
The Encylopaedia Britannica (Micropaedia) says: Berosus, also spelled Berossus, Berossos, or Berosos, Babylonian Bel-Usur (fl. c. 290 B.C.), Chaldean priest of Bel in Babylon who wrote a work in three books (in Greek)
on the history and culture of Babylonia; it was widely used by later Greek
compilers, whose versions in turn were quoted by such religious historians as
Eusebius and Josephus. Thus Berosus is remembered for
his passing on knowledge of the origins of Babylon to the ancient Greeks. Berosus is said to have migrated late in life to the island
of Cos, where he founded a school of astronomy; there is no evidence, however,
that Berosus of Cos and Berosus
of Babylon were the same individual. In his first book Berosus
described the land of Babylonia, to which the half man-half fish Oannes and other divinities coming out of the sea
brought civilization, and the story of creation according to the native
legend, which led to an account of Chaldean astrology. The second and third
books contained the chronology and history of Babylonia and of later Assyria,
beginning with the "ten kings before the flood," then the story of
the flood itself, followed by a restoration of kingship with a long lines of
kings "after the flood," then "five dynasties." and finally
the late age of history under the Assyrians, the last Babylonian kingdom, and
the Persians. Cuneiform texts written in Akkadian (Assyro-Babylonian) language have corroborated much of Berosus' account. The original names of seven of Berosus' bringers of civilization (Oannes
and his brethren) are included in a late-Babylonian tablet found at Uruk (modern Warka). His scheme
of chronology and history, although imperfectly preserved in quotations, has
been elaborately investigated and compared with the cuneiform literature by
modern scholars. [end quote from Britannica] I do not want to wander
too far from our subject, but at this point I would like to make note of some
other connections to these "Fish Deities," and we will discuss it in
greater depth further on. A very detailed
discussion of Berosus and the Oannes
story can be found in The Sirius Mystery, by Robert K.G. Temple (1976).
This book describes the mythology of the Dogon tribe
in Mali. Temple associates Oannes with the Philistine
fish-god Dagon (See also: the accounts in the Bible books of Judges amd 1st Samuel). In The Two Babylons, by
Alexander Hislop (1943), the author makes an
association between Oannes and Dagon and goes even
further: he makes an amazing connection between Oannes
and John the Baptist, since they have the same feast day June 24, i.e.
Midsummer day. This day is full of other-worldy lore (See also: Shakespeare's Midsummer
Night's Dream). According to Hislop's account of Oannes (p.
113), clearly Protestant and anti-Catholic: The Feast Day of the
Nativity of St. John is set down in the Papal calendar for the 24th of June, or
Midsummer-day. The very same period was equally memorable in the Babylonian
calendar as that of one of its most celebrated festivals. It was at Midsummer,
or the summer solstice, that the month called in Chaldea, Syria, and Phenicia by the name of "Tammuz" began; and on
the first day--that is, on or about the 24th of June--one of the grand original
festivals for Tammuz was celebrated. [Footnote: Stanley's Saboean
Philosophy, p. 1065. In Egypt the month corresponding to Tammuz--vis., Epep--began June 25.] For different reasons,
in different countries, other periods had been devoted to commemorate the death
and reviving of the Babylonian god; but this, as may be inferred from the name
of the month aappears to have been the real time when
his festival was primitively observed in the land where idolatry had its birth.
And so strong was the hold that this festival, with its peculiar rites, had
taken of the minds of men, that even when other days were devoted to the great
events connected with the Babylonian Messiah, as was the case in some parts of
our own land, this sacred season could not be allowed to pass without the due
observance of some, at least, of its peculiar rites. When the Papacy sent its
emissaries over Europe, towards the end of the sixth century, to gather in the
Pagans into its fold, this festival was found in high favour
in many countries. What was to be done with it? Were they to wage war with it?
No. This would have been contrary to the famous advice of Pope Gregory I., that
by all means they should meet the Pagans half-way, and so bring them into the
Roman Church. The Gregorian policy was carefully observed; and so Midsummer-day, that had been hallowed by Paganism to the worship of
Tammuz was incorporated as a sacred Christian festival in the Roman calendar. But still a question was
to be determined. What was to be the name of this Pagan festival, when it was baptised, and admitted into the ritual of Roman
Christianity? To call it by its old name of Bel or
Tammuz, at the early period when it seems to have been adopted, would have been
too bold. To call it be the name of Christ was
difficult, inasmuch as there was nothing special in His history at that period
to commemorate. But the subtlety of the
agents of the Mystery of Iniquity was not to be baffled. If the name of Christ
could not be conveniently tacked to it, what should hinder its being called by
the name of His forerunner, John the Baptist? John the Baptist was born six
months before our Lord. When, therefore, the Pagan festival of the winter
solstice had once been consecrated as the birthday of the Saviour,
it followed as a matter of course, that if His forerunner was to have a
festival at all, his festival must be at this very season; for between the 24th
of June and the 25th of December - that is between the summer and the winter
solstice - there are just six months. Now for the purposes of
the Papacy, nothing could be more opportune than this. One of the many sacred
names by which Tammuz or Nimrod was called, when he reappeared in the
Mysteries, after being slain was Oannes. The name of
John the Baptist, on the other hand, in the sacred language adopted by the
Roman Church, was Joannes. To make the festival of
the 24th of June, then, suit Christians and Pagans alike, all that was needful
was just to call it the festival of Joannes; and thus
the Christians would suppose that they were honouring
John the Baptist, while the Pagans were still worshipping their old god Oannes, or Tammus. [end quote from Hislop] C.W. Leadbeater
writes in: Ancient Mystic Rites (1926, 1986) ...our
traditional history is based on the death and resurrection of Tammuz, and is in
reality an account of the ritual murder of one of the Priest-Kings of that
religion. The 24th of June (St. John the Baptist) festival as a special Masonic
celebration seems to be derived from the Templars. As Charles William Heckethorn wrote in The Secret Societies of All Ages and Countries
(1897, 1965) Vol. I, p. 159: We have seen that the Templars,
during and in consequence of their sojourn in the East, attached themselves to
the doctrines of the Gnostics and Manichaeans - as is
sufficiently attested, where other proofs wanting, by the Gnostic and
Cabalistic symbols discovered in and on the tombs of Knights Templar, which
appeared to them less perverted than those of the priests of Rome. They also
knew the bad success the proclamation of Christ's death on the cross had had at
Athens, in consequence of Aeschylus' tragedy, Prometheus Vinctus, wherein Oceanus denied his friend, when
God made him the sacrifice for the sins of mankind, just as Peter, who lived by
the ocean, did with regard to Christ. The Templars,
therefore, came to the conclusion that all these gods, descended from the same
origin, were only religious and poetic figures of the sun; and seeing the bad
use made of the doctrines connected therewith by the clergy, they renounced St.
Peter, and became Johannites, or followers of St.
John. [Heckethorn, quoted by Leadbeater]
In The Temple and the Lodge, by Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh (1989). It is argued that Freemasonry derives from the
Templar traditions. They point out in describing Robert the Bruce's decisive
battle of Bannockburn, p. 35: There is still dispute over the precise site of
the Battle of Bannockburn, but it is known to be some two and a half miles from
Stirling Castle. The main engagement occurred on 24
June 1314. The date is interesting, for 24 June is St John's Day, a day of
particular significance for the Templars. Ivan T. Sanderson was an early researcher who
suggested that there is intelligent life (possibly extraterrestrial in origin)
in the oceans. This is presented in his book, Invisible
Residents.
On pages 226-229, he lists 51 water-related, unexplained cases during the
period 1948-1968. [Sanderson wrote an earlier book, Uninvited Visitors: A Biologist looks at UFO's (1967)]
This brings us to the
most interesting question: is it a coincidence that the "flying
saucer" craze began on June 24, 1947, when the
pilot, Kenneth Arnold, sighted near Mt. Ranier nine
objects flying "like a saucer would if you skipped it across the water,"?
[The UFO Penomenon, Time-Life Books, 1988.] Was in on a date
equivalent to our June 24th, that the
"death" of the Mother Goddess was symbolically enacted? Was it on
this date that the "Fish God" appeared in most ancient times,
bringing to an end the peaceful worship of the Mother Goddess, the Queen of
Heaven? Who were these "scaly gods?" That they are connected
with the death of the Mother and Son also tells us a lot. We can relate this in
a general way to the serpent in the garden of Eden
"tempting" Eve and Adam, only in this older version, they are not
tempted, they are murdered! Perhaps that aspect of the story has been preserved
in the story of Cain and Abel. Somewhere between 3400
and 3200 B.C. another tribe arrived on the Sumerian scene. This is known as
"Uruk Level Five Period" in archaeological
parlance. These people were familiar with stone working. At the same time,
Nippur and Kish started to grow into cities. The Sumerian king lists tell of a
great flood and after this, kingship was "lowered from heaven" a
second time in Kish! At this point, a god
called Enlil appears on the stage and steals the
limelight from Enki. But, he seems to have been of the
same ilk: the "bright eyed great mountain" and his temple was the
"House of the Mountain." His arrival in Nippur is told in the myth of
the rape of the daughter of the Goddess Nunbarshebunu.
The daughter's name is Ninlil and later she is Enlil's wife. The Goddess Ninhursag, also known as Ninmah,
is identified with Enki as his wife and sister though
in the earlier periods she has the dominant role and her name often precedes
that of Enlil and Enki. One
legend explained that, with the help of Nammu, she
created the first people. The Goddess known as Ereshkigal,
whom we later hear of as the Mistress of the underworld, in one early Sumerian
legend is carried off to the Underworld as a prize - at the very time that Enlil took possession of the earth. But, in the Underworld
she was given no peace and was forced to accept a consort to rule beside her,
to whom she was made to give the Tablets of Destiny. "The name of the Goddess as Inanna appears to have been derived from Innin, Innini or Nina. she may have become the daughter of Ningal
at the same time that Utu became the sun. By the time
we meet her in the period of written legend, (shortyl
after 2000 B.C.), though she still receives great reverence, she has clearly
lost what was previously hers. Though Nammu had
created heaven and earth and Ninhursag, Nintu or Ninmah the first people,
one myth tells us that Enki established world order.
In this myth we read that he created the irrigation canals, 'making the Tigris
and Euphrates eat together.' We next learn that he had appointed various
deities to certain positions and that Enki himself or
the personage appointed in charge of the canals' has carried off like fat,
the princely knee from the palace." [Stone, 1976] Ms. Stone refers to this
last passage as "rather obscure," it is most interesting in another
direction. In Tales of the Constellations, Marianne McDonald
writes: "Cassiopeia can
also be seen as ...an older Goddess... the queen and leader of the triad that
includes Andromeda, or Persephone, the maiden; and Demeter, the mother. ...one parallel is the Indian goddess Parvati,
identified with the fertile womb... Cassiopeia is often represented carrying a
palm frond, a symbol of fertility. Schiller sees Cassiopeia as Mary
Magdalene... The main stars in Cassiopeia have Arabic names, the meanings of
which are "breast," "hand," "hump of the camel,"
"knee" and "elbow." They call the entire constellation the
"seder tree." "Some saw this constellation in the shape
of a key. The Arabs called it Al Dhat al Kursiyy, or the "Lady in the Chair," but the
earlier Arabs thought this was the" large hand stained with henna,"
the brightest stars glowing on the fingertips. The Celts called this
constellation Llys Don, "the home of Don."
The Chinese called it Ko Taou,
relating it to a door; The Egyptians saw the constellation as a leg."
[McDonald, 1996] Could that
"leg" of the Egyptians be a "princely knee?" Was there, in
fact, a tradition of the Cassiopaeans as hte Sky Goddess that far back in the past? All of the
references above, the "red hand," the elbow and knee, the tree, Llys Don, the palm frond, relate to Grail Issues, to an
original Divine order that was disrupted, displaced, and almost totally
eradicated by violence and rapacious movements of people under the rule of the
"Sun God" with Scaly Reptoid connotations
who clearly has been the force behind the Monotheistic take-over of the world!
Have we found here one of our "tracks," a small and seemingly
insignificant trace that was missed in the destruction of our past? A princely
knee indeed! And later, we will go into this subject of knees more deeply. In any event, in the
same tablet from which the passage about the "princely knee" being
carried off by Enki was drawn, we then read twice
that Inanna has "given up Her
royal scepter, upon which she twice asks Enki, 'where
are my royal powers?' As if to console her, he tells her that she is still in
charge of 'the words spoken by the yound lad, ' words
which she had established, and that the crook, the staff and the 'wand of shepherdship' were still hers." [Stone, 1976] Then Enki
says: "Inanna, you who do not know the distant
wells, the fastening ropes, the inundation has come,
the land is restored, the inundation of Enlil has
come." Indeed, the
"inundation of Enlil" had come! Nevertheless, it seems
that Inanna continued to be regarded as the one who
bestowed the rights of shepherdship or kingship,
suggesting that matrilineal rights to the royal throne continued to exist. What this suggests to me
is that there was a "bloodline of power" that was being used or
tapped by these conquerors and invaders! This idea is presented
in Le Conte del Graal which
tells of a former paradise on earth. In this land, maidens lived by sacred
grottoes, wells and springs. The Maidens of the Sacred Wells would feed
wanderers and travelers from golden bowls and cups. These wells and springs
represented the nourishing aspect of the Mother Goddess. The maidens served all
wayfarers and the land was at peace and fertile until one day an evil king Amangons ravished one of the maidens and stole her sacred
bowl. (Stole the Princely knee?) Amangon's male retainers followed their king's example
and a disaster resulted. Soon there were no more maidens serving at the wells.
From that time onward, the realm was changed into a wasteland. The wells and
the waters dried up, animals became infertile, trees no longer bore fruit or
leaf, flowers withered and the people left. We are told that the
land "lost the voices of the Wells," or lost contact with the
Otherworld. The Barren Wasteland, the Wound of the King, was loss of contact
with the spiritual source, the guidance of the Mother Goddess, the
understanding of the parallel worlds of flesh and spirit and the necessity for
balance. But, back to our history
discussion. A third male deity - An
or Anu - comes onto the Sumerian stage sometime after
the beginning of the second millenium - the same
period that the Hurrians discussed above are known to
have entered the area, so they must have brought this Anu
with them. "In the early
Sumerian period the name Anu is relatively obscure,
and his name does not appear on any of the eighteen lists belonging to this
period." [Professor Hooke quoted by Stone, 1976] "Anu appears as the successor to Alalu
in the Hurrian and Hittite Kumarbi
myth previously discussed. But most interesting is his appearance in the later
myth of Marduk, 'the son of the sun.' Here we learn
that Enki was first asked to subdue the Creatress-Goddess, whom they call Tiamat,
and was not able, though he did manage to kill her husband Apsu,
thus becoming Lord of the Abzu (primeval waters)
himself. then Anu was asked,
but according to the legend when he confronted Her, he cringed in fear and
refused to complete his mission. Finally Marduk, son
of Enki, was willing, though only upon the promise of
the supreme position among all other deities if he succeeded. This previoulsy secured promise brings to mind the one Indra requested before murdering Danu and Her son Vrtra; both of these myths were probably written about the
same period (1600-1400 B.C) "This legend, known
as the Enuma Elish,
which explains the supremacy of Marduk, has long been
designated as Babylonian and therefore Akkadian and
Semitic. But latest research suggests that, though Marduk
was known in the Hammurabi period, the myth claiming his supremacy did not
actually appear until after the Kassites had
conquered Babylon. professor Saggs points out that
'none of the extant texts belonging to it is earlier than the first millenium' and that 'it has been suggested that in fact
this work arose only in the Kassite period, a time
now known to have been one of intense literary activity.' The Kassits were also ruled by the Indo-Europeans. Gurney tells
us that 'The names of Indian deities are found to form an element in the names
of the Kassite rulers of Babylonia, ' though once
again the greater part of the Kassite people were not
Indo-European. "In about 2100 B.C. a Sumerian king named Ur
Nammu declared that he would establish justice in the
land. ...he did away with the heavy duties and taxes that were burdening the
people at that time and 'rid the land of the big sailors who
seized oxen, sheep and donkeys.'' [Stone, 1976] Big Sailors? Hmmmm! This will
certainly bear remembering! Now, while all this
invading and conquering and demolishing of the Goddess Worship is going on over
in the Tigris-Euphrates area, a similar thing was going on in Egypt! Just
before 3000 B.C., there is evidence of an invasion in Egypt. Upper and lower
Egypt were then united for the first time - under one
king! Up to that time, the Cobra Goddess and the Vulture Goddess seem to have
been the supreme deities. After the invasion, the goddesses were demoted even
though they continued to symbolize the royal crowns! There is considerable
evidence for contact between Egypt and Sumer. "Abundant evidence of
Mesopotamian clutural influence is found at this time
in Egypt." [Saggs] Significant is the fact that
cylinder seals (a specifically Mesopotamian invention) occur there, together
with methods of building in brick foreign to Egypt but typical of the Jemdet Nasr culture of Mesopotamia. Mesopotamian motifs and
objects also begin to be represented in Egyptian art, such as boats of
Mesopotamian type. And, the idea of writing, though it was expressed quite
differently in Egypt, seems to have come from Mesopotamia. Paintings in early
dynastic tombs portray a conical basket type of fish trap, nearly identical to
those of the Ertebolle people of northern Europe who
were descended from the Maglemosians! The male
deity of Egypt arrived with the invaders, and was portrayed as the sun riding
in a boat! "Professor Vincent
Emery spent some forty-five
years excavating the ancient tombs and pyramids of Egypt. Discussing the
arrival of these people, he writes: 'Whether this incursion
took the form of gradual infiltration or horde invasion is uncertain but the
balance of evidence... strongly suggests the latter. ...we see a style of art
which some think may be Mesopotamian, or even Syrian in origin, and a scene
which may represent a battle at sea against invaders... [in
these] representations we have typical native ships of Egypt and strange
vessels with high prow and stem of unmistakable Mesopotamian origin... 'At any rate, towards the close of the fourth millenium B.C. we find the people known traditionally as
the "Followers of Horus" apparently forming an aristocracy or master
race ruling over the whole of Egypt. The theory of the existence of this master
race is supported by the discovery that graves of the late predynastic
period in the northern part of Upper Egypt were found to contain the anatomical
remains of a people whose skulls are of greater size and whose bodies were
larger than those of the natives, the difference being so marked that any suggestiosn that these people derived from the earlier
stock is impossible.'" [quoted by Stone, 1976] These invaders were
known to the Egyptians as the "Shemsu Hor" or people of Hor. And, of course, they brought
with them their male god, Hor-Wer or
Great Hor. By 2900 B.C. pictures of this sun god show him riding in his
"boat of heaven." It certainly makes one
wonder if a brilliant UFO rising up out of the water would cause the ancient
peoples to connect a boat (that goes on water) with flying through the air
while looking like the sun! And, over and over again we are finding this image
or juxtaposition of images. According to Professor
Emery, the name of the first king of the First Dynasty, known as Narmer or Menes in Manetho's
history of 270 B.C, was actually Hor-Aha. Later, the
name of Hor appears to have been incorporated into
the more ancient goddess religion as the "son who dies." This has led to a lot of confusion between the two
"Hors," Horus the Elder, god of light of the invaders, and Horus the
Younger, the son of the goddess Isis. Hor later was transmogrified into Horus by the
Greeks, and is depicted as fighting a ritual combat with another male deity
known as Set. Set is supposed to be his uncle, the brother of his mother Isis
and father Osiris. The combat was supposed to symbolize the overcoming of
darkness or Set, by light, symbolized by Hor. In Sanskrit the word
'sat' means to destroy by hewing into pieces. In the myth of Osiris, it was Set who killed Osiris and cut his body into fourteen pieces.
But, the word "set" is also defined as "queen" or
"princess" in Egyptian! "Au Set," known as Isis by the
Greeks, means "exceeding queen!" In the myth of this
ritual combat, Set tries to mate sexually with Horus; this is usually
interpreted to have been an extreme insult. But the most primitive identity of the
figure Set, may be the goddess religion and this
combat, just as the combat of Marduk with Tiamat, may have represented the suppression and
destruction of the Goddess religion presented by the invaders as a triumph of
light over darkness! There are, of course,
other equally interesting interpretations of this combat, as we will discuss
later, but for now we are following a specific line, and the other
interpretations seem to me to be only additional layers of this earth shaking
event in our history. Nevertheless, the
followers of Hor established the institution of
kingship in Egypt. And, again, marrying the representative of the goddess in
order to "steal her power" was an important part of the assumption of
kingship. And, we may justifiably compare the name of "Hor"
to the Hurrians or Horites
who came from Iran to Sumer. "Around the time of
the Second Dynasty the town of Heliopolis (known to the Egyptians as Annu!), ...became the home of a
school of scribal priests who also worshipped a sun god who rode in a boat. In
this town they used the name Ra. In Sanskrit, Ra means royal or exalted on
high. This prefix is found in the Sanskrit word for king, raja and queen, rani. It survives in the German word ragen,
to reach up, in French as roi, meaning king, as well
as in the English words royal, reign and regal. "In the pyramid
texts of the Fifth Dynasty (about 2400 B.C.) Horus was equated with Ra. Both Horus and Ra
were closely connected, at times competitively, with the right to kingship. As
Ra-Harakhty, Ra is identical with Horus of the
Horizon, both meaning the sun at rising. Ra too is portrayed as the sun who
rides across the heavens sitting in his sacred boat. Why a boat in the heavens?
...Ra's boat was said to emerge out of the primeval waters, much as Enki was ssid to ride his boat in
the deep waters of the Abzu of Eridu,
or as the Indo-Aryan sun god was said to have emerged from the cosmic waters.
As in the Indo-European Hittite myth of the sun god in the water who rises from
the sea with fish on his head, so too Ra rose from the waters each morning.
(emphasis, mine) "As sun god, Ra was
known as the 'shining one,' the 'forefather of light,' 'the lord of light.' And
once again we find the dragon myth, so suggestive of the Aryan religion. "As the name of Horus was assimilated into
the Goddess religion, as the son of Isis, the priests of Memphis proposed
another concept of the great father god. This time his name was Ptah, curiously like the Sanskrit Pitar.
The texts concerning him describe the creation of all existence, suggesting
that Ptah was there first. This time we are told that
it was through an act of masturbation that Ptah
caused all the other gods to come into being, thus totally eliminating the need
for a divine Mother!" [Stone, 1976] Well, again, we have all
of these shining boats rising out of the water. And, this idea of the
masturbating god is not new. One of the Sumerian gods, Enki,
was supposed to have masturbated and thereby caused the Tigris and Euphrates
rivers to flow! Yet, even though these
conquering Sons of the North Wind came in wave after wave, bringing their gods
who ride in shining boats in the sky, the goddess religion still survived. This
very fact may indicate the presence of another group who worked quietly to
preserve the ancient truths in the face of almost overwhelming opposition. The
new male gods were assimilated and synthesized creating an almost impossible to
sort mish-mash of gods and goddesses. One of the most
interesting goddesses is the Egyptian Maat. Maat symbolized the "order of the universe" and
all that was righteous and good. She came to be known as the "Eye of
Horus", the "Eye of Ra" or the "Eye of Ptah."
In Egyptian, eye is "uzait," which is
similar to the name of the cobra goddess, Ua Zit. In
Indo-European, eye is "mati," thus "Maat." Professor Anthes
writes: "As long as the
king lived, the Uraeus was, as the Pyramid texts
express it, magically guarded by the king. When the king died, however, the
venomous viper would escape unless it was taken into custody." "This suggests that law and order, as
perceived by the followers of Hor, Ra or Ptah, was possible only as long as the Cobra Goddess was
controlled by the king." [Stone, 1976] What this also suggests
is that the imposition of linear time was possible only as long as the
"cycle," represented by the Cobra Goddess, was "stopped,"
and that the Machiavellian tactic of projecting the nature of the true enemy
onto the one who has been vanquished was being employed. One of the more curious
references in the Pyramid
Texts of the Fifth Dynasty is
that men with red hair were sacrificed at the grave of Osiris! Of course, as Ms. Stone
writes, the connection between the Shemsu Hor, the Ubaid people of Eridu, the Jemdet Nasr of Nippur
and the Indo-Europeans of the Caucasus and Urartu
areas is hypothetical speculation. The only thing that is certain is that these
groups brought the worship of the male deity with them and the worship of the Goddes was systematically suppressed and eventually almost
totally obliterated by monotheism starting with the Hebrews, and continuing
into the present time as Christianity, Judaism and Islam. What IS historically attested
is that examinations of the skulls in several Anatolian sites shows that in the
third millenium B.C., most of the residents were
predominately doliocephalic, or long headed
Mediterranean types, with only a minority of brachycephalic,
or round headed Alpine types. After the beginning of the second millenium, the proportion of brachycephalic
skulls increases to about 50 percent. It is the brachycephalic
types that came to be know as the ruling class of the Hittite empire. The original people of Hatti became the subservient or conquered class, just as
the "black headed" people of Sumeria became
"slaves" of their conquerors. The invading Indo-Europeans assumed
roles of royalty everywhere they went, subjugating the indigenous populations one after one. The Indo-Europeans were bigger,
and possessed military supremacy never before seen due to their horse-drawn war
chariots and iron weapons. They increased their height by wearing conical hats
that appear to be about 18 to 24 inches high in depictions. (These conical hats
are interesting as a certain type of conical hat is representative of the
alchemical initiate!) The word
"iron" may be related to the word "Aryan,"
and the mining and smelting of iron which was associated with these peoples,
was a closely guarded secret for many centuries. The original Hattians may have been related to the goddess worshipping
people of Catal Huyuk which
is about 125 miles from the Hittite capital of Hattusas.
The goddesses of the Hatti appear to have survived
from an even earlier Hattian religion. In several
texts the Goddess was simply called "The Throne," a title associated
with Isis in Egypt and may be related to Cassiopeia, the "Enthroned
Queen," and the "hump of the camel," a throne of sorts. There is a peculiar Hattian myth of a young man named Hupisayas
who, upon sleeping with the goddess known as Inara,
gained enough strength to help the storm god defeat the dragon. This story
of Hupisayas gaining strength by making love
with the goddess may give us a clue to the secrets of the ancient sacred sexual
union - the Hieros Gamos.
It seems that the ancient rite of the son-lover of the high priestess of the
goddess was not only to obtain the rights of kingship, but had a practical
effect as well. And we must remember this key point for future reference! The name of the Hittite
god Taru can be related to the Hittite word tarh, "to conquer." In Sanskrit "tura" means "mighty." In India, Tura Shah
was another name for Indra. This word may survive in taurus, toros,
meaning bull; and may also be connected to Hor, Hur or Hara, meaning mountain, because there is the major
mountain range of Anatolia called the Toros
Mountains. In Indo-European Celtic, tor means rocky hill top; in German turm means tower and in English we have the word tower. The
Etruscan storm god Tarchon may also be connected with
the Viking storm god Thor. And, lest we forget: Tau, or the "Cross." The Hittites sent
princesses to the Egyptians during several conflicts, particularly during the
Eighteenth Dynasty (1570 -1300 B.C). Both queens Tiy
and Nefertete, mother and wife of Akhenaten,
are thought by some authorities to have been Hittite princesses. And, we might compare
this idea with Gardner's suggestion that Tiy was the
daughter of the Hebrew Joseph... another connection between the marauding
monotheists and the Indo-Aryans! Another important
consideration here is that, if true, if Nefertete was
a Hittite-Aryan princess, or daughter of one, and if Akhenaten
was the son of another, it lends more credibility to the idea of why the rule
of Akhenaten was so despised and why he MAY have been
Moses, fleeing to the deserts of Sinai to form his own "nation" of
"chosen people" in kahoots with the
"Sky god in a boat," Yahweh/Jehovah! There is the curious
event of the letter received by a Hittite king shortly after the deaths of Akhenaten and his son or son-in-law, Tutankhamun.
There is some dispute as to whether the letter was written by Nefertete or her daughter Anches-en-Amun. Nevertheless, it has survived and in it the writer,
identifying herself as the Queen of Egypt, askes the
Hittite king to send her one of his sons so that she can make him her husband! There were other letters
found in the archives of Akhenaten at El Amarna. Werner Keller writes: "Though it may sound extraordinary, a third
of these princely correspondents from Canaan have Indo-Aryan ancestry." The name
"Baal," the consort of the Goddess in Ugarit, Canaan in the
fourteenth century B.C., and also the consort of Astoreth
in the bible (after Moses), is also very likely an Indo-Aryan word. In Sanskrit
bala means much the same as tura,
that is, bull and mighty or powerful. Just as Hor
became the name used for the son of Isis in Egypt, the name Baal replaced the
name of Tammuz as consort of the Goddess, though Tammuz was still used as late
as 620 B.C. in Jerusalem, and may have been the origin of the Jesus Myth. It is
certainly interesting to compare the idea of the relationship between these
words: "bala" and "tura"
and that the Jesus myth is merely a recreation of the Bull worship, represented
by the Tau, or cross of Baal. Another male deity of
Ugarit was know as El. He was the consort of the
goddess Asherah and was thought to have been a part
of the goddess religion from very ancient times. But the texts of Ugarit
continually refer to him as "Thor-El," suggesting ties to the
Indo-Aryan storm god! Now, Ms. Stone has
brought up a very interesting find on a group called Luvians,
Luvischen or Louvites. They
seem to be a group of Indo-Europeans who lived directly south of the Hittites
in Cilicia, close to the Toros Mountains which is
practically the same area as Catal Huyuk once flourished. Very little is known of
these people except that they were authors of what has become known as the
Hittite hieroglyphs. These are picture words that appear most often on royal
monuments and in a few texts. These hieroglyphs are still, for the most part, a
mystery. Professor Albright says
that the Luvians occupied most of southern Asia Minor
not later than the third millenium B.C. Another
writer, R.A. Crossland suggests a later date.
Professor Lloyd agrees with Crossland saying: "In about 2300 B.C. a great wave of
Indo-European speaking peoples, speaking a dialect known as Luvian, seems to have swept
over Anatolia... their progress was marked with widespread destruction..."
[quoted by Stone, 1976] The name Luvian comes from the Hittite texts which refer to the land
of these people as Luviya and their language as Luvili. French archaeologists call them Louvites;
the Germans call them Luvischen. The one thing that has
come out of the partial translation of their hieroglyphs is that their major
deity was the storm god whose name was Tarhund, Tarhunta or Tarhuis. The only
material so far found in their texts is what is referred to as the "magic
type; spells and incantations inserted into ritual texts." The fact that
this totally religious material was written in their own hieroglyphs while
other means of writing was available could indicate that they were a priestly
caste of the Indo-Europeans. Other indications that seem to confirm this are
the fact that scribal schools producing myths in Hurrian,
Hittite and Akkadian appear to have been located in
the Luvian territory of Kizzuwatna. A priestly class of
Indo-Europeans with scribal schools busily turning out myths for all the local
and not so local populations? Magic spells and incantations? Oh, my! What have we found here?! Hold
on to this idea as we will be coming back to it. Now, it is time to get
on to our object here: the Hebrews and their monotheistic overthrowing of the
worship of the goddess. It is pretty clear from all we have covered thus far
that the liklihood that our friendly monotheistic
patriarch Abraham was of Indo-Aryan origin is almost a certainty. In fact, the
Sanskrit word yahveh
means "everflowing." The name Abraham
itself, is closely related to the name of the Aryan priestly caste of India,
the Brahmins, and it is a certainty that the attitudes and underpinnings of
the Hebrew religion were NOT, as is taught, formed in a vacuum! The one group that
stands apart from the Hebrew people as a whole, who, after long stays in Egypt
must have been well mixed with the Semitic type, is the priestly Levites. Hmmm... that word is suspiciously
similar to Luvites, yes? Indeed! The oldest extant texts
of the Old Testament in Hebrew are those found at Qumran which date only to 2
or 3 centuries before Christ. the oldest version
before those were discovered was a Greek translation from about the same
period! The earliest Hebrew text dates only from the tenth century A.D.!!! It is generally believed
from textual analysis, that part of this bible was written about 1000 B.C. and
the remainder about 600 B.C. And, the Bible as we know it, is the result of
many changes throughout centuries and is contradictory in so many ways we don't
have space to catalogue them all! Biblical scholars
generally date Abraham to about 1800 - 1700 B.C. The same scholars date Moses
to 1300 or 1250 B.C. If we track the generations as listed in the Bible, we
find that there are only seven generations between and including these two
patriarchal figures! Four hundred years is a bit long for seven generations.
Merlin Stone, allowing 35 to 40 years per generation, places Abraham at about
1550 B.C. and Moses at about 1300 B.C. Then, she tracks back to Noah, using the
generations listed in the Bible, and arrives at a date of about 2000 to 1900
B.C. - about the time of the arrival of the Indo-Europeans into the Near East. The Bible first tells us
that Abraham is from Ur of the Chaldees. But then,
Harran is continually referred to as the home country of Abraham, the land of
his kin and where his father's house was. The Bible says they left Ur and
settled in Harran and after that, the "Lord said to Abram,
leave your own country, your kinsmaen and your
father's house..." (Gen. 12:1) Harran was located in
the center of the kingdom of Mitanni and it is known that, at this period of
history, many Hurrians had moved there. And, there is
another indicator of his relationship to these Indo-Aryans: his grandfather and
a brother were both named Na-Hor and another brother
named Haran. The Bible tells us that Abrahm approached a Hittite to purchase a piece of ground
to bury his wife, Sarah. Ephron the Hittite answered
Abraham with "You are a mighty prince among us,
bury your dead in the best grave we have." This same plot of land was used
to bury Abraham and when Jacob died in Egypt, he requested that his body be
taken and buried on the land Abraham bought from Ehpron
the Hittite. Now, it is generally
known that when people want a place to bury their dead, they seek
"hallowed ground," consecrated, or familiar. So, the question is: why
did Abraham think that the burying ground of Ephron
the Hittite was "sacred?" There is the strange
story of Abram and Sarai in Egypt where the pharaoh
takes Sarai to be his wife, after having been
deceived by Abram into thinking she was only his sister. Yes, she WAS his
sister, but she was also his wife. And here we have an example of the strange
custom of these tribes of keeping their blood to themselves! In any event,
dreadful things happened to this pharoah, and he
finally discovered through his wise men that Sarai
was Abram's wife. (Seems he was plagued with impotence from the day she came to
his house! A little bit of those "spells and incantations," perhaps?)
Nevertheless, when
pharaoh sends Sarai back, he loads her down with
gifts including Hagar, "The Egyptian." Keep this also in mind, as we
will be coming back to it. There are many word and
group connections between Abraham and his family with people and places we know
to be connected to the Indo-European kingdoms, at the exact time of their
existence, and these factors should certainly be taken into account when
seeking the origin of the progenitor of the monotheistic covenant that became
Judaism before being transmogrified into Christianity. The idea of what is
called the "Levirate marriage" is present in the law of the Hebrews
given to them by Jehovah/Yahweh. This custom is well attested to in ancient
India and only appears in the Near East in the wake of the Indo-European
invasions. This law states that the widow of a man is assigned (as inherited
property!) to her dead husband's brother, or, lacking a brother, to the
father-in-law. All of the close
relationships between the Indo-Europeans and the Hebrews are demonstrated in
literature, linguistics and customs. Professor Gordon remarks: "We can now surmise why it was the Hebrews
and Greeks who first emerged as the historians of the west. Both of them
started their historiographic careers on Hittite
substratum." The Hebrews retained a
memory of the battle between Yahweh and the serpent Leviathan, though the major
portion of the story may have been removed at the time of the addition of the
Adam and Eve story. Yet we find parts of it in Job 26:13 and Psalm 104 where we
read that Yahweh destroyed the primeval serpent. In Psalm 74 we also find part
of the Sumerian story: "By Thy power Thou didst cleave the sea monster in
two and break the sea serpent's head above the waters. Thou didst crush
Leviathan's many heads." This serpent, Leviathan
was also known in the texts of Ugarit in norhtern
Canaan as the foe of the storm god Baal. We know that a great number of Hurrians were in Ugarit at the time the texts were written, about the fourteenth centuy
B.C. Baal's father in Ugarit was Dagon. Dag is the word used in Turkey to mean
mountain. Texts of Ugarit describe Baal's conquest of the dragon Lotan, Lawtan, or Leviathan. Lat
or Elat in Canaanite meant goddess. The name emerged
again in the Indo-European Greek myth of Hercules who kills the serpent Ladon, who was said to be guarding the sacred fruit tree of
the Goddess. I think it is rather
curious that the monster was called "Leviathan," which is so similar
to "Levites." Could this be an arrogant "signature" of
those crafty reptoids, so sure of themselve
that they could afford a joke on humanity? So, we see that the
biblical description of Yahweh's conquest of the primeval serpent was just
another version of the now familiar tale of the Indo-European male deity
defeating the "serpent of darkness," the role he had assigned to the
Goddess to blacken her name and reputation and justify his actions. It is clear that this
association of the serpent with the goddess was simply a Machiavellian means of
casting aspersions on, or "demonizing the enemy." Anyway, Baal became
assimilated into the Goddess religion and therefore became despised byt the Hebrews. In Ugarit Baal was described as
"rider of the clouds," and in Psalm 104:3, Yahweh is described as
using the clouds for his chariot. "Iranian literature occurs four centuries
after the period genearlly assigned to the Yahwist portions of the Old Testament, though simultaneous
with the Priestly sections. Similarities between Hebrew and Iranian myths may
be the result of connections at that period (about 600 B.C),
though it would be difficult to decide which culture was the originator. But
there is the possibility that both were derived from the same Indo-European relgious thought. In the Pahlavi texts of 400 B.C., based
on the Avesta of 600 B.C, the creation of the
universe is described as having taken place in seven acts. These correlate
extraordinarily closely with the Hebrew account. ...Another text in the Pahlavi
books deals with the Indo-Iranian view of the first woman. She was known as Jeh, 'queen of all whore demons.' The story takes on the
characteristics of the legend of Adam and Eve in that it relates that Jeh arrived at the Creation in the company of the devil (Ahriman). In this account she does not converse with him,
but relates to him sexually instead. It is then stated that she was joined with
the devil so that she might afterward defile all women, who in turn would
defile all men. We are then told, 'since women are subservient to the devil,
they are the cause of defilement in men.' [Stone, 1976] The ancient legend of
the flood not only occurs in Iranian and Hebrew literature, but also in
Sumerian legend as well. It is most often assumed that the Hebrews borrowed the
legend from the Sumerians, but the acoount of the
flood may have been known among the "mountain race" long before. It
is significant that the Hebrews state that Noah, the
primeval ancestor of the Hebrews, started out after the flood from the very
same area from which the historically attested Indo-Europeans are known to have
entered Anatolia. The connection of Moses,
Joseph and Abraham with Egyptian royalty must be considered as well. Throughout
the Eighteenth Dynasty there were records of Hittite and Hurrian
princesses being sent to Egyptian kings as wives, certainly a break in the
matrilineal descent patterns. It was during this period that we find no
priestesses in the Egyptian temples and the word "par-o" applied only
to the king rather than to the royal house itself. It is also during this
period that the religious revolution of Akhenaten
took place, allowing the Hittite and Hurrian armies
to gain greater control in Canaan. Another strong
connection between the Hebrews and the Aryans is the "glowing
mountain." The Aryans of India worshipped their ancestral fathers "who
soared up to the realms of eternal light." Indra
was Lord of the Mountains. Mount Hara was the site of the abode of the
Indo-Iranian Ahura and in Indo-European, hara actually means mountain. In the Hebrew texts, Mt.
Sinai is most often associated with Jehovah/Yahweh. But, in many other
references Moses speaks to god on Mount HOReb! Should we consider this
god of the Hebrews different from the Indo-European gods? Now, back to our Louvites/Luvites/Levites. Judging by the artifacts and partly deciphered
texts, these Luvites seem to have been a separate,
priestly class of Indo-Europeans much like the Brahmins in India. Their
"sacred texts" were used exclusively for votive rituals and
inscriptions on royal monuments. Many of the scribal schools were located in
their territory suggesting that the Luvites used the Hurrian, Hittite and Akkadian
languages to disseminate their ideas while retaining their ancient hieroglyphs
as a private and secret manner of writing. The Brahmins of India,
the priestly class, made fire sacrifices one of the most important aspects of
their religion. Guiseppi Sormani
writes that in the early Sanskrit Yajurveda, a
collection of Brahmin sacrificial and ritual prayer formulas dated shortly
after the Rg Veda, "The priests commanded society; they were
the lords even over the gods, whom they bent to their own will by means of
ritual. The priestly power of the Brahmins was already evident in this
Veda." [Quoted by Stone, 1976] The same could be said
of the Hebrew Levites. According to the law of Jehovah/Yaweh,
the Levites were to remain a very exclusive group, marrying only other Levites.
Moses is described as the son of a Levite mother and father! Only Levites were
acceptable as priests of Yahweh. They were forbidden not only to marry outside
their tribe, but they also could not marry a woman who was a widow, divorced or
had ever had sexual relations with another man. The Levites were sole judges of
disputes, "Their voice shall be decisive in all cases of dispute"
(Deut. 21:6) They had possession of the trumpets of
the congregation and only they were allowed to sound them. They commanded
military strategy, and they were exempt from most nasty jobs like being
warriors and so forth. Fire sacrifices were
very important rituals of the Levites. The first ten sections of Leviticus are
totally concerned with fire sacrifices. These sacrifices were to be made twice
daily as well as on the Sabbath, and other special times. The Levites had the
right to eat the food offerings that were brought to the Tent of the Presence.
In this way, they were served by all the other Israelites with cattle and
foodstuffs of all kinds. Other gifts to the Levites were commanded by Yahweh,
such as silver and gold and property. Levites who sold their houses had the
right of redemption, and if they did not pay to redem
it, it would be returned automatically at the seven-year jubilee. If a man of
another tribe chose to sell his house to a Levite, the Levite had the sole
right to decide upon the price. If the man wanted to buy it back he was
expected to pay another twenty percent of the value. On and on we read of the
benefits to the Levites assigned by Yahweh/Jehovah; gifts and "allotted
portions" and tithes and clothing and on and on. And, all these laws,
first written by the Levites, were then placed in the care and keeping of the
Levites, who then were the only ones able to read them, interpret them, change
them. What a racket! Now, the Levites are
said to be descended from one of Jacob's twelve sons, Levi. Tracing the
genealogies, Moses would have been the great-grandson of Levi. This, of course,
does not tally wiht the number of males that were
supposed to have left Egypt. The Levites claimed 22,000 males among them -
quite a feat for a bunch of priests in only three generations! There sure
wasn't much time left for fire sacrifices! The far more likely
scenario, according to Ms. Stone, is that the Levites were assigned this
heritage to justify their relationship to the other tribes. And, at the same
time, it is quite likely that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob ARE the ancestors of
Moses and his brother, Aaron, who were leaders of the Levites, and that other Levites joined them along with other tribes, and this
ancestry was understood symbolically. This may explain why Jacob, who was
supposedly the father of the twelve tribes, was called Israel, rather than the appelation being applied to Abraham who is generally
considered the first father of his people. I think that there may be more to
this 12 tribes and 12 sons business than that, but we will come back to it
later. Another curious
connection is the actual name of the Levites. The Hebrew name for these
priests, Lewi and Levi are much the same word. It is
here that Ms. Stone makes a rather interesting series of relationships that may
have significance later. She points out that, in Latin we have lavo which means to wash in a stream which
flows, while lavit means to pour. In
Hittite, lahhu also means to pour. In
French we have laver, to wash and in German we have lawine, meaning avalanche and the English
word lavish. Levo in Latin means lift
and is especially associated with the sunrise. In Sanskrit lauha is "glowing redness, ' while
lightning is lohla. In German we have
lohe, meaning blaze or flame, while in
Danish lue means to go up in flames. In
English, the word lava, the German lave, and the
French lave, each meaning the blazing molten mass that pours from
a volcanic mountain, may give us the key to the two concepts in unity: that
which is light and flaming, while still pouring almost as a liquid at the same
time. Sons of Light and Fire. The
original alchemists, perhaps? At Qumran, where was
found the oldest extant Hebrew texts, there was a scroll discovered that was
completely new to Biblical scholars entitled The Scroll of the War of the
Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness. This text consists of the
plans for a battle that is about to be fought. This scroll reveals that the
Levites were still in control. The name of the Hebrews
as Yehudi, or Judah, is rather close to
the Sanskrit word for warrior: Yuddha. http://www.cassiopaea.org/cass/grail_5.htm
References: Eisler, Riane
[1987] The Chalice and The Blade;
New York, Harper Collins Godwin,
Malcolm [1994] The Holy Grail: Its Origins, Secrets &
Meaning Revealed; New York, Barnes & Noble McDonald,
Marianne [1996] Tales of The Constellations; New York, Michael
Friedman Stone,
Merlin [1976] When God Was a Woman;
Orlando, Harcourt Brace & Company Before we move one, let us make one
last observation: It was sometime before and directly after WWI that nasili was being accepted as the real name of
the Hittite language, and Nesa or Nasa, their first capital. The original name of the
Hittite invaders may have been Nesians or Nasians. Nuzi was the capital of
the Indo-European nation of Mitanni. And this brings up another connection
between the Hittites and the Hebrews, the use of the word nasi
for prince from which we derive nazarene.
With the knowldge that the worship of
the Goddess was violently overturned by invading Indo-Europeans, we may better
understand the transitions and inversions that have occurred in our myths and
legends. And, if we can come to some understanding of WHO
and WHAT this Yahweh/Jehovah was, who spoke to Moses from the summet of Mount Horeb and Mount
Sinai, we may discover an explanation for why the patriarchal laws and
attitudes of the Levite priests were bent upon the destruction of the Goddess
religion. The Cassiopaeans have said that the
"Fall" from the Edenic
state occurred over 300,000 years ago, and if that is the case, then we cannot
relate it to Atlantis nor the invasions by the Indo-Europeans. But, it seems
that the rise and fall of the civilizations of man is directly linked to
various phenomena in our universe, particularly in our Solar System as
described in "Cometary
Clusters: Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse." Rather than repeat
that information here, I will presently focus on the EFFECTS of same on the
human race, omitting much of the "comet material." But, we find that,
in order to sort out all of the confusion, we have to use some sort of
"guideline." Unfortunately, we don't have much in the way of
scientific research because of the vast expanse of time we are considering as
well as the deliberate destruction of records and artifacts by those who may
not wish for us to figure anything out. Our problem is this: if the time prior to the "Dominator
Invasions" described by Riane Eisler and Merlin Stone was not the Edenic
Golden Age, and Atlantis was not the Edenic Golden
Age, what has really been going on here on earth for the past 300,000 years?
And, we really have no authority to ask. No Earthly authority, that is. But, yes, we DID ask many historical questions in the early years
of the Cassiopaean contact. Unfortunately, they were
not well-organized and sequential like a history book should be. We jumped from
subject to subject as things occurred to us, and the result was a great mass of
jumbled-up data. Nevertheless, some of it is so curiously intriguing in relation to
all that I have assembled and written above, that I am going to attempt to
present it here before we continue on with our more well-known historical
period in hopes that such a background will shed some light on why things are
the way they are today, and what possibilities we may have of effecting true
and lasting change. The
Tetragrammaton in its Hebrew background God's personal name occupies a place
of prominence in the Hebrew Scriptures. God's name, which one finds about 7000 times in the Bible under the
form YHWH, possesses the unique and remarkable circumstance of not having been
vocalized by nearly all translators. The book Aid to Bible
Understanding, p. 885 says, "The Tetragrammaton
occurs 6,961 times in the original-language text of the Hebrew Scriptures (this
includes 134 times where the Masoretic text shows
that ancient copyists [Sopherim] had changed the
primitive Hebrew text to read 'Adho.nay' or 'Elo.him'
instead of Yehowah')." In 1526, Luther wrote
in a sermon on Jeremiah 23:1-8: «This name Iehouah, Lord, belongs exclusively to the true God ». He will write in 1543, with characteristic
frankness: «That they now allege the
name Iehouah to be unpronounceable, they do not know what
they are talking about (...) if it can be written with pen and ink, why should
it not be spoken, which is much better than being written with pen and ink? Why
do they not also call it unwriteable,
unreadable or unthinkable? All things considered, there is something foul ». http://www.tetragrammaton.org/index.htm THE NAME
OF GOD YeHoWaH. ITS
STORY, by Gérard Gertoux
There is a
confusion between the short name YH and the great name YHWH. The reading
in Ya- is favored by a
confusion between the two names of God: the full name YeHoWaH
(Ps 83:18) and the short name YaH (Ps 68:4). The great name YHWH is vocalized Yehowah in Hebrew and Iôa in the
beginning of numerous Greek names. The short name YH is vocalized Yah (Hallelu-Yah in Hebrew and Allelou-ia
in Greek). In the same way, as there were theophoric names elaborated from the great name, that is
names beginning with Yehô- or its shortened form Y(eh)ô-, there were also theophoric
names elaborated from Yah. However, a major remark is necessary in the Bible,
Greek or Hebraic. The Hebrews took care of
making either their names begin with Yehô- or Yô-,
or to end their names with -yah, but never the opposite, without exception.
So, in the Bible, it is impossible to find, among hundred of existing theophoric names, a single name beginning with Yah-. So,
those who vocalize YHWH in Yahweh are obliged to admit that the Tetragram, the theophoric name by
excellence, does not belong to its family of theophoric
names, what is the height of irony. This nonsense is clearly apparent when one
opens a dictionary, where the name Yahve is completely isolated from the other theophoric names like: Joshua, Jonathan, Jesus,
John, etc. For example, the name YHWHNN (John) is vocalized Yehôha-nan in Hebrew and Iôa-nan
in Greek (not Iaô-nan). It is possible to verify that, without
exception, the theophoric names beginning in YHW-
are vocalized YeHÔ- (IÔ- in the Septuagint), and
those ending in -YHW are vocalized -YaHÛ (IA or IOU
in the Septuagint). In addition, the vowel a very often follows the
sequence YeHÔ-, that is to say the
"normal" sequence is YeHÔ-()a. This sequence is so universal in the theophoric
names that some names have been "theophorized"
by assonance in the following names of the Septuagint: Iôa-tam
(Jg 9:7, 57; 2K 15:5, 32), Iôa-kéim
(1Ch 4:22), Iôa-s (1Ch 23:10,11), Iôa-sar (1Ch 2:18), Iôa-kal
(Jr 37:3), etc. To sum up, the name Yehu’ results from a contraction of YeHoWaH
Hu’ to YeHoW-[aH]-u’ that is YeHoWu’ or YeHU’. On the
other hand, YaHu results from the contraction of the
two names YaH-Hu’. http://gertoux.online.fr/divinename/faq/question.htm http://gertoux.online.fr/divinename/faq/A14.htm Biblical names which have the first
letters of the Tetragrammaton (Jeho
or more correctly Yeho); first, the name with Jeho, then the same name altered by using Jo instead of Jeho.:
So there were
about 349 times where proper names projected the Yehowah spelling
of God's Name. |
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Modified Tuesday, November 02, 2010 Copyright @ 2010 by Fathers' Manifesto & Christian Party |
